حكم صلاة الجمعة ومتى كانت أول جمعة

حكم صلاة الجمعة ومتى كانت أول جمعة

في هذا المقال سنتعرف على حكم صلاة الجمعة ومتى كانت أول جمعة، فقد أوجب الله على عباده صلاة الجمعة كما أوجب عليهم الصلوات الخمس

في هذا المقال سنتعرف على حكم صلاة الجمعة ومتى كانت أول جمعة، فقد أوجب الله على عباده صلاة الجمعة كما أوجب عليهم الصلوات الخمس، ومن ترك صلاة الجمعة في وقتها جماعة أتى بها ظهرا.

معنى الجمعة

قال ابن الأثير: ” الجمعة: بمعنى المجموع … ويوم الجمعة يوم الوقت الجامع ، وفيه لغتان: سكون الميم وضمها.

وإنما سميت الجمعة؛ لأن الخلائق اجتمعت فيها، وفرغ الله -عز وجل- من خلقها فيها.

أول من سمى الجمعة بهذا الاسم

قيل: أول من سماها الجمعة كعب بن لؤي بن غالب وكان يقال لها: عروبة والعروبة. وقيل: أول من سماها الأنصار، وذلك أنهم قالوا:

لليهود يوم يجتمعون فيه كل أسبوع، والنصارى كذلك، فهلموا فنجعل لنا يومًا نجتمع فيه فنذكر الله ونصلي فيه،

فقالوا: يوم السبت لليهود ، والأحد للنصارى، فاجعلوا يوم العروبة لنا، فاجتمعوا إلى أسعد بن زرارة فصلى بهم يومئذٍ ركعتين وذكرهم فيه، فسموه يوم الجمعة لاجتماعهم.

وذبح لهم فيه شاة فتغدوا وتعشوا من شاة واحدة وذلك لقلتهم، فهذه أول جمعة جمعت في الإسلام قبل مقدم رسول الله -صلى الله عليه وسلم- المدينة”.[الشافي في شرح مسند الشافعي].

وجوب الجمعة وعلى من تجب

فرض الله على العباد صلاة الجمعة فأمرهم بأدائها إذا نودي للصلاة لها فقال تعالى: (يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا نُودِيَ لِلصَّلَاةِ مِنْ يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ فَاسْعَوْا إِلَى ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ وَذَرُوا الْبَيْعَ ذَلِكُمْ خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ * فَإِذَا قُضِيَتِ الصَّلَاةُ فَانْتَشِرُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ وَابْتَغُوا مِنْ فَضْلِ اللَّهِ وَاذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ كَثِيرًا لَعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ).

وصلاة الجمعة واجبة على الرجال لكنها جائزة في حق النساء فإذا قمن بأدائها قبلت منهن وإذا لم يقمن بأدائها صلين ظهرا،

وليست واجبة على المريض فهو صاحب عذر، ولا على الصبي لأنه غير مكتمل العقل، لأن النَّبي -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- قَالَ: (الْجُمُعَةُ حَقٌّ وَاجِبٌ عَلَى كُلِّ مُسْلِمٍ فِي جَمَاعَةٍ إِلَّا أَرْبَعَةً: عَبْدٌ مَمْلُوكٌ ، أَوِ امْرَأَةٌ ، أَوْ صَبِيٌّ ، أَوْ مَرِيضٌ)[رواه أبو داود].

قال أبو بكر ابن العربي: “ومن النكت البديعة في سقوط الجمعة عن العبد ، قوله تعالى: (وذروا البيع) فإنما خاطب الله بالجمعة من يبيع ويشتري ، والعبد والصبي لا يبيعان ؛ لأن العبد تحت حجر السيد ، والصبى تحت حجر أبيه .

أما الصبي أيضا ؛ فلأنه عُدِم العقل، ولا يزال يتدرج في المعرفة بالسنن والشرائع حالًا بعد حال حتى يصل إلى حد الاحتلام ، فتلزمه الفرائض”[المسالك في شرح موطأ مالك]

وقال الإمام الخطابي: ” أجمع الفقهاء على أن النساء لا جمعة عليهن “[معالم السنن]

وصلاة الجمعة واجبة وجوب عين على الرجال البالغين، فلا تسقط عن أي واحد منهم إلا بسبب عذر يسقط الجمعة فحينذ يؤديها ظهرا.

قال ابن رجب: “صلاةُ الجمعةِ فريضةٌ من فرائِض الأعيانِ على الرجالِ دونَ النساءِ، بشرائطَ أُخَرَ، هذا قولُ جمهورِ العلماءِ، ومنهم من حكاه إجماعًا كابنِ المنذرِ “[تفسير ابن رجب الحنبلي].

عقوبة تارك صلاة الجمعة

توعد رسول الله -صلى الله عليه وسلم- التاركين لصلاة الجمعة بوعيد شديد فقال وهو على أعواد منبره: (لَيَنْتَهِيَنَّ أَقْوَامٌ عَنْ وَدْعِهِمُ الْجُمُعَاتِ، أَوْ لَيَخْتِمَنَّ اللهُ عَلَى قُلُوبِهِمْ، ثُمَّ لَيَكُونُنَّ مِنَ الْغَافِلِينَ)[مسلم].

أول جمعة جمعت بالمدينة

أول من صلى بالناس الجمعة قبل قدوم النبي -صلى الله عليه وسلم- على المدينة هو أسعد بن زرارة، وذلك كان في هزم النبيت وهو موضع بالمدينة، فلما قدم النبي -صلى الله عليه وسلم- المدينة نزل بقياء ثم خرج في يوم الجمعة فأدركته الصلاة في بني سالم بن عوف فصلاها بهم.

عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ ، وَكَانَ قَائِدَ أَبِيهِ بَعْدَ مَا ذَهَبَ بَصَرُهُ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ كَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ إِذَا سَمِعَ النِّدَاءَ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ تَرَحَّمَ لِأَسْعَدَ بْنِ زُرَارَةَ ، فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: إِذَا سَمِعْتَ النِّدَاءَ تَرَحَّمْتَ لِأَسْعَدَ بْنِ زُرَارَةَ ، قَالَ:

” لِأَنَّهُ أَوَّلُ مَنْ جَمَّعَ بِنَا فِي هَزْمِ [موضع بالمدينة] النَّبِيتِ [حي من اليمن] مِنْ حَرَّةِ بَنِي بَيَاضَةَ فِي نَقِيعٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ: نَقِيعُ ]النقيع بطن من الأرض يستنقع فيه الماء مدة فإذا نضب الماء أنبت الكلأ [الْخَضَمَاتِ ” قُلْتُ: كَمْ أَنْتُمْ يَوْمَئِذٍ ، قَالَ: “أَرْبَعُونَ”[أبو داود].

قال ابن القيم: ” وهذا كان مبدأ الجمعة ، ثم قدم رسول الله -صلى الله عليه وسلم- المدينة ، فأقام بقباء في بني عمرو بن عوف ، كما قاله ابن إسحاق يوم الاثنين ، ويوم الثلاثاء ، ويوم الأربعاء ، ويوم الخميس ، وأسس مسجدهم ، ثم خرج يوم الجمعة فأدركته الجمعة في بني سالم بن عوف ، فصلاها في المسجد الذي في بطن الوادي ، وكانت أول جمعة صلاها بالمدينة ، وذلك قبل تأسيس مسجده “[زاد المعاد في هدي خير العباد]

أول جمعة جمعت خارج المدينة

أول جمعة أقيمت خارج المدينة بعدما صلاها رسول الله كانت في بلدة اسمها جوثاء بالبحرين.

عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: (إِنَّ أَوَّلَ جُمُعَةٍ جُمِّعَتْ بَعْدَ جُمُعَةٍ فِي مَسْجِدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- فِي مَسْجِدِ عَبْدِ القَيْسِ بِجُوَاثَى [اسْم قَرْيَة من قرى عبد الْقَيْس] مِنَ البَحْرَيْنِ).[البخاري].

قال ابن رجب: ” أنه لم يجمع في الإسلام بعد التجميع بالمدينة إلا في مسجد عبد القيس بالبحرين، فكأن أول بلدٍ أقيمت الجمعة فيه المدينة، ثم بعدها قرية جوثاء بالبحرين”.[فتح الباري لابن رجب]

للاطلاع على المزيد:

شارك

تعليق واحد

  1. In a city as dynamic as Las Vegas, providing students with high-quality, personalized tutoring can make
    a huge difference in their academic success.
    Smartee Spots is a private tutoring service that offers a range of educational support for students in neighborhoods like Diamond Creek and Centennial Heights.
    By offering one-on-one tutoring and customized learning plans, Smartee Spots helps students navigate their academic challenges with personalized attention. As parents
    in Las Vegas seek academic support for their children, Smartee Spots delivers solutions that go beyond the typical classroom
    setting. From test preparation to subject-specific tutoring,
    students across Las Vegas benefit from the individualized instruction that Smartee Spots offers.
    In a city where competition is fierce, having access
    to personalized tutoring gives students an edge and sets them
    up for future success.

    Smartee Spots is based in Las Vegas, Nevada, a city founded on May 15, 1905.

    Known globally for its vibrant nightlife and entertainment,
    Las Vegas is home to 656,274 residents and boasts
    240,462 households. While the city’s attractions draw
    millions of tourists each year, the local population includes
    families and students who prioritize education. One interesting fact about Las Vegas
    is that despite its reputation as a vacation hotspot, it has an increasingly thriving academic community.
    Interstate 15, a major highway, runs through the heart of the city,
    connecting families in neighborhoods like Eastland Heights and Desert
    Shores to Smartee Spots’ tutoring services. This connectivity makes it easy for parents and students to access educational
    support no matter where they live in the city.

    The cost of tutoring in Las Vegas varies depending on the type
    of service provided, but families typically spend between $30 and $75
    per hour for high-quality tutoring. More specialized services, such as ACT/SAT prep or in-home tutoring, can range higher.
    The desert climate of Las Vegas also plays a role in how
    tutoring is conducted, with scorching summer temperatures that often exceed 100°F.
    During these hot months, many families opt for online tutoring sessions to avoid the extreme heat, while cooler
    winters make in-home tutoring a comfortable option. The flexibility
    of Smartee Spots, offering both online and in-home tutoring
    services, ensures that students can receive help year-round, regardless
    of the weather.

    Las Vegas is home to some truly unique points of interest
    that serve both entertainment and educational purposes.
    AREA15 is an immersive playground for art and creativity,
    offering an interactive environment where students and families can explore exhibits blending technology and design. Aliante Nature Discovery Park is a family-friendly
    spot where visitors can learn about local wildlife and nature.
    The Bellagio Conservatory & Botanical Gardens offers rotating exhibits of stunning floral displays, providing educational value about horticulture and seasonal plant life.
    The Fountains of Bellagio is a world-famous spectacle of water, music, and lights that showcases choreographed
    displays for visitors and locals alike. Fremont Street Experience is
    a lively pedestrian mall that features an overhead light show and numerous attractions for
    visitors of all ages. These points of interest highlight the diversity of Las Vegas beyond
    the Strip, offering educational opportunities alongside entertainment.

    For families in Las Vegas looking for the
    best academic support, choosing Smartee Spots is
    a smart decision. The personalized attention each student receives through one-on-one tutoring ensures that
    their unique academic needs are met. Smartee Spots offers flexible
    options, including both online and in-home tutoring, making it convenient
    for families to access educational support no matter where they
    are located in the city. With a focus on custom learning
    plans, homework help, and test preparation, Smartee Spots provides students with the
    tools they need to succeed in school and beyond. In a city as competitive as Las Vegas, Smartee
    Spots stands out as a trusted resource for parents who want to invest in their child’s future.

    In the vibrant city of Las Vegas, providing students with academic support is
    crucial for their success. Smartee Spots is a top-rated tutoring service that offers a variety of educational services for students in neighborhoods like East Las Vegas and Glen Heather Estates.
    Private tutoring plays an important role in helping students overcome academic challenges and improve their performance in school.
    Smartee Spots offers one-on-one tutoring, homework help, and subject-specific instruction that is customized to meet the needs of each student.

    The individualized attention students receive through private tutoring not only improves their grades
    but also boosts their confidence and motivates them
    to excel in their studies. In a fast-paced city like Las Vegas, Smartee Spots ensures that students stay on track with
    their education.

    Las Vegas, Nevada, founded on May 15, 1905, has grown into a city of 656,274 people and 240,462 households.
    While it is known for its entertainment, Las Vegas is also home to a community that values education and academic excellence.
    Major highways, such as Interstate 15, connect
    the city’s many neighborhoods, making it easy for families to travel
    to and from tutoring sessions. In neighborhoods like Bonanza Village and Bracken, students have access to
    the academic support they need through Smartee Spots.
    The city’s commitment to education is evident in the growing number of
    schools and academic programs available to its residents, and Smartee Spots
    is proud to be a part of that commitment.

    The cost of tutoring services in Las Vegas can vary based
    on the subject, level of expertise, and the
    type of instruction provided. On average, families can expect to pay between $30
    and $75 per hour for quality tutoring services. More specialized services, such as test
    preparation or academic coaching, may cost more.
    The climate in Las Vegas also plays a role in how tutoring
    services are delivered. With hot summers that often reach over 100°F, many families prefer online tutoring during the hotter months, while in-home tutoring becomes more popular during the
    cooler winter season. Smartee Spots offers both options, ensuring that
    students receive the academic support they need, regardless of the season or weather.

    Las Vegas is known for its many attractions, which provide both entertainment and
    educational opportunities for residents and visitors.
    The Bellagio Conservatory & Botanical Gardens offers an ever-changing display of
    flowers and plants, making it a favorite spot for families to visit.
    The Fountains of Bellagio is another popular attraction, featuring an incredible water show
    that is synchronized with music and lights. AREA15
    is an immersive experience that blends art, technology, and creativity,
    providing students with an opportunity to explore new forms of expression. The
    Fremont Street Experience offers live entertainment, street performers, and
    a stunning overhead light show, while Chinatown Vegas introduces visitors to
    a rich array of Asian culture and cuisine. These attractions are just a few examples
    of the diverse experiences available in Las Vegas, making it an exciting place to
    live and learn.

    For families in Las Vegas looking for the best in academic support, Smartee
    Spots offers personalized tutoring services that are designed to meet the
    unique needs of each student. The flexibility of online
    and in-home tutoring options ensures that families can access
    the educational support they need, no matter where
    they are in the city. Smartee Spots provides customized learning plans, one-on-one tutoring, and
    test preparation services that help students excel academically.
    Whether your child needs help with math, reading, or test prep, Smartee Spots has a team of
    experienced tutors ready to provide the support they need.
    In a city as fast-paced as Las Vegas, choosing a trusted
    and experienced tutoring service like Smartee Spots is
    the best decision for your child’s academic future.

    Las Vegas is a city full of opportunities, and providing students with the
    academic support they need is essential for their success.
    Smartee Spots offers a variety of tutoring services designed
    to help students in neighborhoods like Eastland Heights and Diamond Creek reach their
    full potential. Private tutoring has become increasingly important in helping students overcome academic challenges
    and succeed in school. Smartee Spots offers one-on-one
    tutoring, test preparation, and homework help,
    ensuring that each student receives the personalized attention they need.
    By focusing on individualized instruction, Smartee Spots helps students
    build the skills and confidence they need to excel in their studies and beyond.

    Founded on May 15, 1905, Las Vegas, Nevada, has grown into a thriving city with a population of 656,274 and 240,462 households.
    Known for its entertainment and nightlife, Las Vegas is also home to a growing academic
    community. Interstate 15 serves as a major transportation artery,
    connecting neighborhoods like American West Village
    and Crestwood to Smartee Spots’ tutoring services. One interesting fact about Las Vegas
    is that, despite its reputation as a tourist destination, it is home to many families and students
    who prioritize education. Smartee Spots is proud to serve this community, offering personalized tutoring that helps
    students succeed both inside and outside the classroom.

    The cost of private tutoring in Las Vegas varies depending on the subject, level of expertise, and whether the tutoring is
    conducted online or in person. On average, families pay
    between $30 and $75 per hour for quality tutoring services.
    For more specialized tutoring, such as ACT/SAT prep or study skills coaching, costs can range higher.
    Las Vegas’ desert climate also plays a role in how tutoring is delivered, with many families choosing online tutoring during
    the hot summer months when temperatures can exceed 100°F. Smartee Spots offers both in-home and online tutoring,
    providing flexibility and convenience for families.
    This ensures that students receive the academic support they need, no matter the season or weather conditions.

اترك ردّاً

لن يتم نشر عنوان بريدك الإلكتروني. الحقول الإلزامية مشار إليها بـ *