هناك بعض الأعمال التي يفعلها المسلم بعد صلاة الجمعة منها ما هو على سبيل الإباحة وليس على سبيل الوجوب أذكر بعضا منها مما ورد في القرآن والسنة.
الانتشار في الأرض بعد صلاة الجمعة
قال تعالى: (يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا نُودِيَ لِلصَّلَاةِ مِنْ يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ فَاسْعَوْا إِلَى ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ وَذَرُوا الْبَيْعَ ذَلِكُمْ خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ * فَإِذَا قُضِيَتِ الصَّلَاةُ فَانْتَشِرُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ وَابْتَغُوا مِنْ فَضْلِ اللَّهِ وَاذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ كَثِيرًا لَعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ) .
قال ابن بطال: ” الفقهاء متفقون على أن معنى قوله تعالى: (فَإِذَا قُضِيَتِ الصَّلَاةُ فَانْتَشِرُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ) الإباحة ؛ لأنه ورد بعد تقدم أمره بالسعي إلى الصلاة ، وترك البيع ،
فأبان بقوله تعالى: (فَإِذَا قُضِيَتِ الصَّلَاةُ فَانْتَشِرُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ وَابْتَغُوا مِنْ فَضْلِ اللَّهِ) زوال ما أوجب عليهم من السعي وترك البيع في وقت الصلاة “[شرح صحيح البخاري].
وقال ابن رجب: ” الصحابة لم يكونوا يجلسون بعد صلاة الجمعة في المسجد إلى العصر لانتظار الصلاة كما ورد في الحديث المرفوع: أنه يعدل عمرة . وقد خرجه البيهقي بإسناد ضعيف ، وقد سبق ذكره .
وإنما كانوا يخرجون من المسجد ينتشرون في الأرض ، فمنهم من كان ينصرف لتجارة ، ومنهم من كان يزور أصحابه وإخوانه، وكانوا يجتمعون على ضيافة هذه المرأة”[فتح الباري].
وقوله: ” يجتمعون على ضيافة هذه المرأة ” . هو ما سيأتي في الحديث التالي.
إطعام الطعام بعد صلاة الجمعة
عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ قَالَ: ” كَانَتْ فِينَا امْرَأَةٌ تَجْعَلُ عَلَى أَرْبِعَاءَ ]جمع الربيع وهو الجداول[ فِي مَزْرَعَةٍ لَهَا سِلْقًا ، فَكَانَتْ إِذَا كَانَ يَوْمُ جُمُعَةٍ تَنْزِعُ أُصُولَ السِّلْقِ ، فَتَجْعَلُهُ فِي قِدْرٍ ، ثُمَّ تَجْعَلُ عَلَيْهِ قَبْضَةً مِنْ شَعِيرٍ تَطْحَنُهَا ، فَتَكُونُ أُصُولُ السِّلْقِ عَرْقَهُ ، وَكُنَّا نَنْصَرِفُ مِنْ صَلاَةِ الجُمُعَةِ ، فَنُسَلِّمُ عَلَيْهَا ، فَتُقَرِّبُ ذَلِكَ الطَّعَامَ إِلَيْنَا ، فَنَلْعَقُهُ وَكُنَّا نَتَمَنَّى يَوْمَ الجُمُعَةِ لِطَعَامِهَا ذَلِكَ”[البخاري].
قال الكرماني: ” والمراد أن أصول السلق كانت عوضًا عن اللحم إذ لم يكن اللحم فيه … وفيه الإيثار وإن كان بقليل حقير ، والسلام على المرأة الأجنبية ، وقناعة الصحابة وعدم حرصهم على الدنيا ولذاتها “[الكواكب الدراري في شرح صحيح البخاري].
القيلولة بعد صلاة الجمعة
القيلولة هي النوم في وسط النهار وتكون بعد الفراغ من صلاة الجمعة.
عن أنس بن مالك قال: ” كُنَّا نُبَكِّرُ إِلَى الجُمُعَةِ ، ثُمَّ نَقِيلُ “[البخاري].
وعَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ قَالَ: (كُنَّا نُصَلِّي مَعَ النَّبِيِّ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- الجُمُعَةَ ، ثُمَّ تَكُونُ القَائِلَةُ)[البخاري].
قال القاري: ” استدل به لأحمد على جواز صلاة الجمعة قبل الزوال ؛ لأن الغداء والقيلولة محلهما قبل الزوال ، وحكي عن ابن قتيبة أنه قال: لا يسمى غداء ولا قائلة بعد الزوال .
وأجيب عنه بأنه لا دلالة فيه على أنهم كانوا يصلون الجمعة قبل الزوال ، بل فيه أنهم كانوا يتشاغلون عن الغداء والقائلة بالتهيؤ للجمعة ثم بالصلاة ، ثم ينصرفون فيقيلون ويتغدون، فيكون قائلتهم وغداءهم بعد الجمعة عوضًا عما فاتهم في وقته من أجل بكورهم .
وبالجملة حمل الجمهور حديث سهل على التبكير ، وأنهم كانوا يشتغلون أول النهار بآلة الجمعة ، فيؤخرون الغداء والقيلولة عن وقتهما .
والحاصل أن ما كان غداء في غير يوم الجمعة يكون بعد صلاة الجمعة ، فلا يبقى فيه غداء ، وكذا القيلولة .
وقال الأمير اليماني: ليس في حديث سهل دليل على الصلاة قبل الزوال ؛ لأنهم في المدينة ومكة لا يقيلون ولا يتغدون إلا بعد صلاة الظهر “[مرعاة المفاتيح].
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